Promotion of energy-saving transformers and high-efficiency motors
Abstract: The development of economy is more and more dependent on energy, strengthening the power utilization efficiency of equipment is the main direct means to improve energy utilization efficiency. Based on the development and application of high-efficiency motors and energy-saving transformers in the world, this paper introduces the international experience and practice of energy conservation and consumption reduction and the relevant energy efficiency laws and policies.
Key words: energy saving and consumption reduction; Energy-saving transformer; High-efficiency motor; Energy efficiency standard
With the development of economy, the limited energy supply and the high energy consumption per unit of GDP have become a prominent problem in the economic development of our country. In all energy sources, electric energy is the most widely used energy mode, so saving electricity is of great significance for energy conservation.
Electric motors and transformers are the main power-consuming equipment in power production and construction. Electric motors alone account for more than 60% of total electricity consumption. Improving efficiency and tapping the energy saving potential of motors and transformers are of great significance for energy conservation, environmental protection and resource conservation in China.
The following will introduce the development status of high-efficiency motors and energy-saving transformers in the world, as well as the experience and practices of energy saving and consumption reduction, relevant energy efficiency regulations and policies, in order to help the domestic energy saving and consumption reduction work.
1 Background of the establishment of international energy conservation and consumption reduction policies and national energy strategies
The rise in crude oil prices caused by the 1973 Middle East war made the U.S. government aware of the urgency of conserving energy. In order to alleviate the great threat to its energy security and even economic stability brought by the unstable political situation in the region, the United States issued the Energy policy and Energy Conservation Act in 1975. In 1992, the U.S. Department of Energy enacted the Energy Policy Act (EPACT-1992) and amended the Energy Policy Act (EPACT-2005) in 2005. Energy conservation is an important part of the Energy Policy Act of the United States. The Energy Act provides $340 million a year to states from 2004 to 2006 to encourage the purchase of new energy-efficient products. If the power saving rate of high-efficiency energy-saving lamps can reach more than 75%, where users purchase and install energy-saving lamps, 75% of the cost is first borne by the government. In addition, US state governments have also formulated local energy-saving product tax relief policies.
Developing long-term energy strategies is also a prominent feature of many countries. The European Union’s forthcoming Green Paper on energy policy aims at the goal after 20 years, proposing to invest 600 billion euros in the next 20 years to weave a “pan-European energy network”, through the comprehensive utilization and deployment of energy in the EU countries to achieve the purpose of ensuring energy security. Japan has formulated a clear plan to reduce the total amount of energy imports and improve the efficiency of energy use in the next 25 years, and in 2030, the oil dependence rate will be reduced from the current 50 percent to 40 percent or less, and the energy use efficiency will be increased by more than 30 percent.
Although the specific measures of each country’s energy strategy are different, they all reflect two directions: first, to find alternative energy sources for oil; The second is to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption as much as possible.
2 International policies and development for transformer energy saving and consumption reduction
2.1 Technical development of energy-saving transformers
The reduction of transformer losses is mainly achieved through the development of magnetic conductive materials (silicon steel sheet) and conductive materials (oxygen-free copper wire or copper foil) technology. In recent years, in addition to the breakthrough in the transformer capacity structure and manufacturing process, mainly the improvement and development of silicon steel sheet. At present, the thickness of silicon steel sheets used for core magnetic conductive materials is generally 0.23 ~ 0.30mm; The trend in the future is to use thinner silicon steel sheets, and silicon steel sheets of 0.05 ~ 0.18mm thickness have begun to be applied. In addition, the development of amorphous materials has also promoted the development of transformers. The no-load loss of distribution transformer with amorphous alloy core can be reduced by more than 70% compared with silicon steel sheet core. Since the commercialization of amorphous alloy core in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of amorphous alloy distribution transformers have been used around the world.